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interplanetary travel has always

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interested people

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but still a little is known about impact

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of cosmic radiation on human and

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other organisms since we want to return

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to the moon and explore mars

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we have to think about protection of

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human body but also organisms which will

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help us survive in long

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journey hello to all participants

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my name is eva borowska and i'm

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representing university of warsaw

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with magdalena wabovska from roswell

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university of science and technology in

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poland

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today we would like to present red algae

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as a source of efficient photosynthesis

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under gamma radiation during space

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exploration

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in the picture from nasa you can see a

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different type of waves and

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radiation which is the most important

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for our existence

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on earth if we are

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talking about ultraviolet radiation

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x-rays

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and gamma waves including

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ionizing radiation we wanted to use one

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of the most popular

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gamma waves which the source was

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in the filter we would like to present

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interaction of ionizing radiation with

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ionizing radiation depends on type of

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passing

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through structural materials such as

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metal makes it brittle

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and can weaken the material if the

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radiation's

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intensity is great enough it can also

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damage electronic equipment

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so we can distinguish few types of

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ionizing radiation

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it's alpha beta gamma and neutral

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particles

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which interact less ionize indirectly

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and penetrate further but as well as

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gamma radiation is a type of ionizing

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radiation that has an impact on cell

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structure

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like dna proteins lipids and membrane

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conformation

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when ionizing radiation interacts with

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cells

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the body can repair a cell

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however if many are damaged or die

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the body may not be able to replace the

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cells fast enough causing radiation

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poisoning

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and death before we present

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our organisms algae which are

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eukaryotic organisms we would like to

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show also prokaryotic organisms

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resistant

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against ionizing radiation and

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uv radiation so the first one is

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diinococcus radiodurans with rapid dna

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repair

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mechanisms which were detected in

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atmosphere and has

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the possibility to survive even

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after dose of 5 000 grays

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and one dose 15 000 grays

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still some bacteria can reproduce in

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parallel

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uh human lethal doses it's

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uh 10 000 milligrams and for escherichia

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coli bacteria

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60 000 milligrams the second

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organisms are cyanobacteria from driest

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place on earth

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and with high protective

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efficiency against high uv radiation

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so they called heroes idiopsis and

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producing specific

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pigments as staton psytonamine

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in atacama desert unique dance matrix

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within the eps extracellular polymorphic

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substance

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and allow for surviving the clouds in

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the low temperature

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harsh liquids and uv radiation so

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grossitopsies

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the unique cyanobacteria with high uv

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resistance

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can create the specific homes and

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survive inside them still

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in space exploration we can

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differentiate

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a few types of rotation galactic cosmic

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radiation created during supernova solar

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cosmic radiation

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primarily from solar wind and solar

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flares and

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the red lesion trapped in the vampires

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around earth

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and of course ultraviolet radiation

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earth's magmatic fields

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keeps our planet safe from most in

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ionizing radiation including galactic

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cosmic radiation and

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solar cosmic radiation but of course in

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outer space

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we are not protected so we would like to

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present

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red microalgae of the order cyanidalis

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occur in various extreme environments

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mostly on volcanic

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areas such as yellowstone park atacama

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desert

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campivle grey in italy new zealand and

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iceland

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and of course many types many other

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types of

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volcanic grounds they are characterized

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by low ph

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high temperatures the presence of heavy

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metals ions

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variable salinity and high

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concentrations

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of carbon dioxide and sulfates these

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organisms

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are the link between primary

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cyanobacteria and the first primitive

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eukaryotic cells which were subjected to

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the harsh

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conditions that privileged on

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earth during deformation of its

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atmosphere

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what we have achieved in a laboratory or

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in laboratory on these

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organisms um it was adapted

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them to high

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ph with the same efficiency of

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photosynthesis

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what means that they are very unique

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very highly adaptable

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and with a high photosynthesis

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efficiency

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what is more algae cells are without

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cell wall still they are highly

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resistance

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against of their different harsh

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in preliminary data we would like to pre

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present um the sounds of synergism

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but in the experiment we were tested

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also green algae coco mixer

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but this algae has not so efficient

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photosynthesis

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so we reject this

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strain before

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experiment culture were transferred to a

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right experimental cultural flask made

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of a polystyrene

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with liquid media conditions

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and then transported immediately to

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institute of nuclear chemistry and

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technology in warsaw

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one place were unpacked and put in

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optimal growth conditions

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with light and temperature for

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activating the photosynthesis

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it was around 30 minutes

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time of exposure and given doses over

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addition in the mini grace

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were calculated on the basis of gamma

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radiation cobalt 6d source

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with power 0.2 353

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kilograms per hour with the last

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lethal dose for human 10 000 migrates

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2.29

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minutes after experiment

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axonic strain and nonoxenic strain

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were transported again at the university

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and tested every 24 hours on the

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spectroscopy uvvs

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uh in optical density 750 nanometers

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and then we can assess increase of cells

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density grafts for each strains

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were done and we can see and the growing

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of algae were increasing

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in further growth they were not affected

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by gamma radiation

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ionizing radiation can be destructive to

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cells

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so in specific conditions such a space

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they need to be prevented

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from the exterior factors by protective

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coatings

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gels and hydrogels are one of the

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solutions

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for growing and storing cells in a safe

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manner

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but the tips present in these structures

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ensure that

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cells can grow and proliferate but they

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can also provide

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protection against accelerated atoms or

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particles from

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radiation reducing their energy

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one such adjective could be silica for

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example which has been

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investigated by many scientists to

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reduce the impact of radiation

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many researchers are also interested in

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hydrogel composites

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as potential radiation productive

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coating

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this material is lighter than metals and

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contains

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water in its structure providing not

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only a soft

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protective material for immobilized

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cells but also an etl environment

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for their further cultivation

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immobilization of cells can be realized

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in several ways

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one of them is the creation of silicate

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gels

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facility the silicate contained in the

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gel can protect the cells from the

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destructive impact

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of ionizing radiation and overalls

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additionally provides mechanisms we call

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protection against cell

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damage and the second method involves

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blending cells with an alginate solution

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then cross-linking

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it in a calcium carbonate solution

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in this way we are able to provide each

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cell

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with a protective alginate coating which

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acquires its mechanical properties

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during the cross-linking process

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both methods allow the cells

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to grow and proliferate safely providing

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them

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with the necessary components for

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survival

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and at the same time removing the

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metabolic

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for improved life support systems for

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astronauts we propose methods

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with unique composition of hydrogel and

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substances which can protect algae

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against ionizing radiation

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and make them more efficient in auto

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production

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by using the 3d bio printer we can adapt

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hydrogel to different type of equipment

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and immobilized algae in very simple way

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as you can see on the picture we

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immobilized algae into specific

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hydrogel a further study

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are also connected to regeneration of

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body tissue

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by using secondary metabolites

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encapsulated

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our algae has the possibilities

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also to create a biofilm on different

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structures

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like for example cellulose so it is also

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important if we would like to use um

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other type of materials to cover them by

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algae and still we are looking for

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collaborations